Climate change is one of the greatest challenges facing humanity in the 21st century. Its effects manifest themselves in a variety of ways, from rising temperatures to the intensification of extreme weather events. While all people are affected by these changes, one demographic group faces particular and often overlooked risks: the elderly.
This segment of the population, characterized by greater physical frailty and, in many cases, lower adaptive capacity, is on the front line of the impacts of climate change and natural phenomena. In this blog, we will explore how these factors affect the health of older adults and how they can be mitigated.
Heat waves are one of the most worrying phenomena related to climate change. According to a report by the World Health Organization (WHO), the increase in extreme temperatures is associated with an increase in mortality among the elderly, especially those with pre-existing health conditions. For example, during the 2003 European heat wave, it is estimated that more than 70,000 people died, and most of the victims were older adults.
Extreme weather events, such as storms, hurricanes, floods and landslides, also pose a significant threat to the health of older adults. These events can cause injury, emotional stress, property loss and, in extreme cases, loss of life. A study published in the journal Environmental Health Perspectives found that older adults have a higher risk of dying during and after natural disasters compared to other age groups.
Air pollution, often exacerbated by climate change, is another factor that negatively affects the health of older people. Exposure to high levels of air pollutants can worsen chronic respiratory conditions, such as asthma and COPD, and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. A report by the European Environment Agency estimates that air pollution causes more than 400,000 premature deaths a year in Europe, and older adults are particularly vulnerable to its effects.
Another example of air pollution from natural causes that is especially relevant in Costa Rica is the ash released during volcanic eruptions, which can have significant effects on the health of the elderly. These fine particles can cause respiratory problems, such as irritation of the airways, exacerbation of chronic lung diseases, and difficulty breathing, especially in older people with pre-existing conditions. In addition, prolonged exposure to volcanic ash may increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. A study published in the journal Environmental Health Perspectives highlights the importance of protecting older adults during volcanic events to prevent adverse effects on their respiratory and cardiovascular health (Hansell et al., 2014). Therefore, it is crucial to implement precautionary measures and provide adequate information to this population group during and after volcanic eruptions to minimize risks to their health.
To address these challenges, it is crucial to implement mitigation and adaptation strategies. This includes improving infrastructure to protect vulnerable communities during extreme weather events, developing effective early warning systems, and promoting public health practices that reduce exposure to air pollution and extreme heat.
In conclusion, climate change and natural phenomena represent a significant threat to the health and well-being of older adults. Urgent action is needed at the local, national and international levels to protect this vulnerable population group and ensure a safer and more sustainable future for all. At Verdeza Senior Living, with over 10 years of experience we remain committed to the well-being of our residents. Our holistic approach to care and health care allows us to be attentive to the specific needs of each individual. We provide safe and healthy environments, with early warning systems, air conditioning and access to quality health services.
References:
- World Health Organization. (2018). Climate Change and Health: Heatwaves. [https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/climate-change-and-health-heatwaves]
- Basu, R., & Samet, J. M. (2002). Relationship between elevated ambient temperature and mortality: a review of the epidemiologic evidence. Environmental Health Perspectives, 109(6), 1019-1028.
- European Environment Agency (2018). Air Quality in Europe - 2018 Report. [https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/air-quality-in-europe-2018]
- Hansell, A., Horwell, C. J., Oppenheimer, C., The health hazards of volcanoes and geothermal areas, Environmental Health Perspectives, 2014.
- Gasparrini, A., Guo, Y., Hashizume, M., Lavigne, E., Zanobetti, A., Schwartz, J., ... & Armstrong, B. (2017). Mortality risk attributable to high and low ambient temperature: a multicountry observational study. The Lancet, 386(9991), 369-375.
- Guha-Sapir, D., Hoyois, P., & Below, R. (2016). Annual Disaster Statistical Review 2016: The Numbers and Trends. CRED, Université catholique de Louvain.
- World Health Organization (2018). Ambient (outdoor) air quality and health.[https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ambient-(outdoor)-air-quality-and-health].
